1. Almost The Entire Mass Of An Atom Is Concentrated In The Nucleus
2. Almost The Entire Mass Of An Atom Is Concentrated In The __
3. Almost The Entire Mass Of An Atom Is Concentrated In The

The mass of a nucleus is always less than the sum of the masses of the nucleons present in it. When nucleons combine to form a nucleus, some energy is liberated, and this is the binding energy of the nucleus. The mass of the nucleus cannot be more than the total mass of the nucleons because then stable nucleus cannot be formed.

Objective:

Almost The Entire Mass Of An Atom Is Concentrated In The Nucleus

To demonstrate the scattering of alpha particles by gold foil.

The whole mass of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus. Around the nucleus, there is empty space in which the negatively charged electrons revolve in different orbits. The total positive charge of the nucleus is equal to the total negative charge on orbiting electrons. Hence atom is electrically neutral. HW-2 1- Almost the entire mass of an atom is concentrated in the. Neutrons 2- Electron was discovered by. Bohr 3- An atom has a mass number of 23 and atomic number 11. The number of neutrons are. 44 4- The mass of the atom is.

Almost The Entire Mass Of An Atom Is Concentrated In The __

Background:

Model for the structure of an atom had been first proposed by J.J. Thomson. Later, followed many theories however, Rutherford's model was finally accepted as the correct nuclear model. Rutherford had shown his model with help of an experiment.

Rutherford's scattering experiment:

Rutherford's model of an atom :

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Almost The Entire Mass Of An Atom Is Concentrated In The

Ernest Rutherford was interested in knowing how the electrons are arranged within an atom. Rutherford designed an experiment for this. In this experiment, fast moving alpha (α)-particles were made to fall on a thin gold foil.

• He selected a gold foil because he wanted as thin a layer as possible. This gold foil was about 1000 atoms thick.
• α-particles are doubly-charged helium ions. Since they have a mass of 4µ, the fast-moving α-particles have a considerable amount of energy.

It was expected that α-particles would be deflected by the sub-atomic particles in the gold atoms. Since the α-particles were much heavier than the protons, he did not expect to see large deflections. But, the α-particle scattering experiment gave totally unexpected results .

Observations of Rutherford's scattering experiment:

As we can see in Fig. 1.

1. Most of the fast moving α-particles passed straight through the gold foil.
2. Some of the α-particles were deflected by the foil by small angles.
3. Surprisingly one out of every 12,000 alpha particles appeared to rebound.

Fig. (1)

Source: http://chemistry.tutorvista.com/nuclear-chemistry/rutherford-scattering.html

Conclusion of Rutherford's scattering experiment:

1. Most of the space inside the atom is empty because most of the α-particles passed through the gold foil without getting deflected.
2. Very few particles were deflected from their path, indicating that the positive charge of the atom occupies very little space.
3. A very small fraction of α-particles were deflected by very large angles, indicating that all the positive charge and mass of the gold atom were concentrated in a very small volume within the atom.

From the data he also calculated that the radius of the nucleus is about 10⁵ times less than the radius of the atom.

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Rutherford's Nuclear Model Of Atom

On the basis of his experiment, Rutherford put forward the model of an atom, which had the following features:

1. There is a positively charged centre in an atom called the nucleus. Nearly all the mass of an atom resides in the nucleus.
2. The electrons revolve around the nucleus in well-defined orbits.
3. The size of the nucleus is very small as compared to the size of the atom.

Rutherford's alpha particle scattering experiment shows the presence of nucleus in the atom.

It also gives the following important information about the nucleus of an atom:

1. Nucleus of an atom is positively charged.
2. Nucleus of an atom is very dense and hard.
3. Nucleus of an atom is very small as compared to the size of the atom as a whole.

Rutherford model of atom is also called Nuclear model of atom.

Faculty and Staff Directory

Yordanka Ilieva

Research Focus

Although ninety-eight percent of the mass of ordinary matter is due to the strong subatomic force,
the present theory of that force (Quantum Chromodynamics) is still not fully understood. Almost
the entire mass of an atom is concentrated in its tiny nucleus, which is made of nucleons that are
either positively charged (protons) or electrically neutral (neutrons). These subatomic particles,
however, are not elementary but are themselves composite objects made of quarks held together
by glue particles (gluons). The structure of nucleons is a manifestation of the strong force, which
is indeed the strongest force known. The core of Prof. Ilieva’s research is the study of the strong
force by probing the substructure of matter. Her research activities help to address overarching
questions about the origin of most of the visible mass in the universe, the nature of neutron stars,
and the gluonic structure of nucleons and light nuclei. Answering these and related questions is a
complex task requiring dedicated experimental observations and careful testing of theoretical
predictions against measured observations. Professor Ilieva’s research also promotes teaching,
training, and learning. The preparation of junior scientists plays a central role in her program.
The nuclear physics research program of Professor Ilieva is primarily based at the Thomas Jefferson
National Accelerator Facility (JLab) in Newport News, where she uses high-energy electron and
photon beams along with sophisticated particle detectors as powerful microscopes to study the
structure and interaction of baryons. Her program provides crucial high-precision, polarized and
unpolarized photo-production observables that will help pin down present problems in strong
QCD. For example, complete and mostly complete meson-photoproduction measurements will
settle in an almost model-independent way lingering problems in baryon spectroscopy and in
particular verify the SU(6)xO(3) three quark baryon structure. The structure of baryons can be
also probed through their interactions in scattering processes. The study of strong interactions
involving the strange and the charm quarks is essential to understand the properties of neutron
stars and the gluonic structure of bound nucleons and light nuclei, respectively. Professor Ilieva
carries a comprehensive study of hyperon photo-production off deuterons. The extensive set of
single- and double-polarization observables will provide long-needed experimental information
on the hyperon-nucleon interaction. At the recently upgraded 12-GeV JLab, she carries out a
program on J/psi photoproduction off deuteron. This research will provide the very first crosssection
estimates at energies close to threshold. Another aspect of her research is to support the
detector development for a future Electron-Ion Collider in the U.S. She carries out an assessment
of the performance of commercially available small photosensors in high magnetic fields in her
test facility at Jefferson Lab.